Y2k Bug Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards

Y2k Bug David Eggleston Survey of Literature 2/24/99 Teri Ferguson Y2K Bug The turn of the century is quickly drawing nearer. This ought to be a period of high trusts later on; the United States has progressed in a wide range of innovation. The United States has propelled a lot with PCs, which can mechanize numerous troublesome employments, ascertain luxurious conditions, and make life simpler for the vast majority. The PC is a stunning device permitting the United States to exceed expectations on the planet. Be that as it may, PCs can likewise be the loadstone of the United States in the year 2000. The PC bug regularly known as Y2K can cause this. Y2K will make a PC's date vault perused ?00? in which the PC will decipher ?1900?. Numerous individuals have their own feelings about how this will impact the United States and how much it will be affected, if the United States will be affected by any stretch of the imagination. An essayist for Time Magazine expresses that there are wide scopes of individuals that are being affected in various manners by the Y2K issue. The creator depicts what number of individuals are getting ready for the most exceedingly terrible and that a portion of those individuals accept that the Biblical Armageddon will show up in the year 2000. It was expressed that the Y2K issue is simply one more thing to keep individuals engaged. This was portrayed by how the film business moved from spy motion pictures, for example, ?James Bond? toward the finish of the virus war to more science fiction motion pictures, for example, ?Godzilla? since there was no true issue. The reason for this article is to just call attention to that there is a real issue with the Y2K marvel so as to make individuals mindful that there are perils regardless of whether it is simply as doomsayers. These purposes of the creator are sufficient and sensible enough to make the issue known to the individuals however doesn't show any thought one way or the other. An advertising association known as Arial Marketing posted an emergency course of action on the web that gives a view that there will be a sufficient issue with Y2K that one must get ready for it. This contention is bolstered by a couple of statements from authorities and high-positioning individuals in their separate fields. Arial Marketing made this posting inclining toward the way that there will be an issue with Y2K. Arial Marketing has even posted awful and a most pessimistic scenario readiness table. The reason for this site is to tell individuals that their will be a Y2K issue and that so as to assist individuals with getting ready for a circumstance Eggleston 2 two. This assessment is a solid one that is top notch and careful of the statements from numerous individuals backing it up. In ?The Year 2000 Problem: The Year the Earth Stands Still? Composed by a one Gary North, Gary North obviously contends his own supposition about the Y2K issue. He truly doesn't bolster his case by any realities other than his solid assurance to ensure that everybody knows his perspective. The perspective that he will in general help is one of horrendous dreams of the most awful case situation of the Y2K issue. He doesn't have some other sort of assessment of anything less and is very certain about the possibility that the world will crash in view of the Y2K issue. The motivation behind this article is to show Gary North's assessment of the Y2K issue so as to get individuals to get ready for the most noticeably terrible. The contention that Gary North has introduced is a powerless one for he has just state stubborn realities and has not upheld this contention with any hard proof. In simply under a year the year 2000 will show up with numerous expectations however it will likewise show up with a Y2K bug. This bug will impact a few things, and possibly impact significant things. The main thing that the individuals can do is essentially get ready for the most noticeably terrible and trust in the best. Numerous associations and even the legislature of the United States are working and hacking at this issue. Numerous associations are causing progress and will to be prepared to incredible the new thousand years; others will most

Introduction to Green Architecture and Design

Prologue to Green Architecture and Design Green engineering, or green plan, is a way to deal with building that limits the destructive impacts of development extends on human wellbeing and the earth. The green planner or fashioner endeavors to protect air, water, and earth by picking eco-accommodating structure materials and development rehearses. Building a greener home is a decision at any rate it is in many networks. Commonly, structures are intended to meet construction law necessities, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) has reminded us, though green structure configuration provokes creators to go past the codes to improve in general structure execution and limit life-cycle natural effect and cost. Until nearby, state, and government open authorities are convinced to enact green procedures and gauges simply like structure and fire avoidance rehearses have been classified quite a bit of what we call green structure rehearses is up to the individual land owner. At the point when the land owner is the U.S. General Services Administration, results can be as startling as the complex inherent 2013 for the U.S. Coast Guard. Normal Characteristics of a Green Building The most significant standard of green design is to be completely practical. Basically, individuals do green things so as to accomplish supportability. Some engineering, similar to Glenn Murcutts 1984 Magney House, has been an analysis in green structure for quite a long time. While most green structures don't have the entirety of the accompanying highlights, green engineering and configuration may include: Ventilation frameworks intended for effective warming and coolingEnergy-proficient lighting and apparatuses (e.g., ENERGY STAR ® products)Water-sparing pipes fixturesLandscaping with local vegetation and wanted to boost detached sun powered energyMinimal mischief to the common habitatAlternative sustainable power source power sources, for example, sun powered force or wind powerNon-manufactured, non-harmful materials utilized inside and outLocally-acquired woods and stone, disposing of long stretch transportationResponsibly-collected woodsAdaptive reuse of more established buildingsUse of reused compositional salvageEfficient utilization of spaceOptimal area on the land, amplifying daylight, winds, and regular shelteringRainwater gathering and greywater reuse You dont need a green rooftop to be a green structure, albeit Italian engineer Renzo Piano made a green rooftop as well as determined reused pants as protection in his plan of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You dont need a vertical nursery or green divider to have a green structure, yet French draftsman Jean Nouvel has effectively explored different avenues regarding the idea in his plan for One Central Park private structure in Sydney, Australia. Development forms are an enormous part of green structure. Extraordinary Britain changed a brownfield into the site of the London 2012 summer Olympic Games with an arrangement for how temporary workers would manufacture the Olympic town digging conduits, exacting sourcing of building materials, reusing cement, and utilizing rail and water to convey materials were only a portion of their 12 green thoughts. The procedures were actualized by the host nation and regulated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), a definitive expert for requiring Olympic-sized maintainable turn of events. LEED, the Green Verification LEED is an abbreviation meaning Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Since 1993, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has been advancing green structure. In 2000, they made a rating framework that manufacturers, designers, and engineers can cling to and afterward apply for accreditation. Tasks seeking after LEED affirmation acquire focuses over a few classifications, including vitality use and air quality, clarifies USGBC. In light of the quantity of focuses accomplished, a task at that point acquires one of four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold or Platinum. The affirmation accompanies an expense, yet it very well may be adjusted and applied to any structure, from homes to corporate base camp. LEED confirmation is a decision and not a prerequisite by the legislature, in spite of the fact that it might be a necessity in any private agreement. Understudies who enter their activities in the Solar Decathlon are decided by a rating framework too. Execution is a piece of being green. Entire Building Design The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) contends that manageability must be a piece of the entire plan process, from the very beginning of the undertaking. They dedicate a whole site to the WBDG-Whole Building Design Guide. Plan targets are interrelated, where planning for maintainability is only one viewpoint. A really fruitful venture is one where venture objectives are recognized at an early stage, they compose, and where the interdependencies of all structure frameworks are facilitated simultaneously from the arranging and programming stage. Green compositional plan ought not be an extra. It ought to be the method of doing the matter of making a fabricated domain. NIBS proposes that the interrelationships of these plan targets must be comprehended, assessed, and suitably applied - openness; feel; cost-adequacy; practical or operational (the useful and physical prerequisites of a venture); memorable protection; profitability (solace and wellbeing of the tenants); security and security; and maintainability. The Challenge Environmental change won't obliterate the Earth. The planet will continue for many years, long after human life has terminated. Environmental change, in any case, can annihilate the types of life on Earth that can't adjust sufficiently quick to new conditions. The structure exchanges have by and large perceived its job in adding to the ozone depleting substances put into the air. For instance, the assembling of concrete, the essential fixing in concrete, is supposedly one of the biggest worldwide supporters of carbon dioxide discharges. From poor plans to development materials, the industry is tested to change its ways. Draftsman Edward Mazria has started to lead the pack to change the structure business from a significant polluter to an operator of progress. He has suspended his own engineering practice to focus on the philanthropic association he built up in 2002. The objective set for Architecture 2030 is basically this: All new structures, advancements, and significant redesigns will be carbon-nonpartisan by 2030. One draftsman who has taken the test is Richard Hawkes and Hawkes Architecture in Kent, United Kingdom. Hawkes trial home, Crossway Zero Carbon Home, is one of the initial zero carbon houses worked in the UK. The house utilizes a timbrel vault structure and produces its own power through sunlight based vitality. Looking to a Sustainable Future Green structure has many related names and ideas related with it, other than manageable turn of events. A few people underline the environment and have embraced names like eco-plan, eco-accommodating engineering, and even arcology. Eco-the travel industry is a 21st-century pattern, regardless of whether eco house structures may seem, by all accounts, to be a piece non-conventional. Others submit their general direction to the ecological development, seemingly started by Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring-earth-accommodating engineering, natural design, regular design, and even natural design have parts of green engineering. Biomimicry is a term utilized by engineers who use nature as a manual for green structure. For instance, the Expo 2000 Venezuelan Pavilion has petal-like canopies that can be acclimated to control the inside condition similarly as a bloom may do. Mimetic design has for quite some time been an imitator of its environmental factors. A structure can look wonderful and even be developed from over the top expensive materials, yet not be green. In like manner, a structure can be exceptionally green yet outwardly unappealing. How would we get great engineering? How would we push toward what Roman engineer Vitruvius proposed to be the three principles of design to be very much fabricated, helpful by filling a need, and wonderful to take a gander at? Sources Gissen, David (ed.) National Building Museum. Large and Green: Toward Sustainable Architecture in the 21st Century. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.How LEED Works. U.S. Green Building Council.Huseynov, Emir Fikret oglu. Arranging of Sustainable Cities taking into account Green Architecture. Procedia Engineering 21 (2011): 534â€42. Print.Masood, Osama Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim Abd Al-Hady, and Ahmed Khamies Mohamed Ali. Applying the Principles of Green Architecture for Saving Energy in Buildings. Vitality Procedia 115 (2017): 369â€82. Print.Ragheb, Amany, Hisham El-Shimy, and Ghada Ragheb. Green Architecture: A Concept of Sustainability. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 216 (2016): 778â€87. Print.Shaviv, Edna. Uninvolved and Low Energy Architecture (Plea) Vs Green Architecture (Leed). 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. 2008. Plan Objectives. Whole Building Design Guide.Wines, James and Philip Jodidio. Green Architecture. Tasc hen, 2008.

Sophomore Fall Recap

Sophomore Fall Recap Aaand… Semester #3 is done! I’m on the plane back home, music conjuring fantastic worlds, clouds dispersing around the flying machine. Like in the winter of my freshman year. But life matters were really different then. In passions and world views, even music and literature choices. Life’s entropy continues to increase. It’s a paradox: the more time I spend exploring life, the less I know what to do with said life. My career certainty is wildly oscillating. You can not compute the derivative of its function at any point. That’s how chaotic it is. Major Evolution: Math Physics ? Philosophy Poli Sci Consider my major choices. Last Career Fair I proudly declared to all potential employers that I’m “planning to study Theoretical Math.” Two months later, Physics seemed alluring too. I wasn’t sure whether to declare a double major or settle with a minor. That was the first surprising turn of events. I was (mostly) certain I would not be swayed by other major options. Second semester freshman year, I decided to focus instead on Education. I was planning to work in the field anyway, so why not start early with a relevant degree? MIT did not have a separate Education major and so I officially declared Course 11 Urban Studies and Planning, which had an Education sub-department. I was delighted with the choice and resigned to sit through the majors required classes about cities. By the process of elimination, there were no appealing major options left. And now I’m (almost) officially a double major in Course 24-1 Philosophy and Course 17 Political Science. By chance, I ended up taking two Political Philosophy classes this semester, one at MIT and one at Harvard. Afterwards, I wanted to take many more Philosophy classes. An unexpected turn (one I said  certainly wouldn’t happen just three months ago). Luckily, 24-1 and 17 have many intersecting requirements and offer courses cross-listed in both departments. Plus, although both departments are tiny, I will now get twice the company. Oh, and the office of Course 24 Linguistics and Philosophy is on the top two floors of Stata Center. The view is wonderful. Noam Chomsky has an office there, so that’s exciting too. UROP Project: How to Fail Six Imaginary Students In out-of-class news, I love my UROP(s). My mentors grant me both support and autonomy to explore the topics I adore. I work on two different projects at the MIT Teaching Systems Lab (TSL), which is in turn incubating another institution, the Woodrow Wilson Academy of Teaching and Learning. WW Academy is a really cool (future) grad school for teachers which relies on Competency-Based Learning (read more on CBL). Instead of seat time and class completion, aspiring teachers will learn through interactive challenges that combine essential skills, simulating the teaching experience in the classroom and beyond. My first UROP project is assisting in the creation of the first of these challenges. The topic is Assessment, and my job is to create the artefact for the challenge, a “bad” test that WW Academy students (or, rather, MIT students in the trial run) would analyze and improve upon. Just as actual teachers would correct the course of their work. Turns out, it’s harder to create a set of terrible questions and failing students responses than to construct a decent exam. It’s an exercise in multitasking and organization. I’m still learning the theory behind good assessments. Thankfully, my mentor is extremely knowledgeable and helpful; he has written extensively about the topic himself. The other TSL project is research on Competency-Based Learning (CBL). I have a growing list of questions to answer, like: What are the existing forms of CBL? How do CBL institutions define “competencies”? What are the current credit-hour policies that could hinder a CBL program? How has CBL developed in the U.S. and other parts of the world? The first MIT Libraries search on the topic returned 80,000 entries. Im working currently on reducing that number. Tell Us about Something You Do Simply for the Pleasure of It: Youth Advocate @ Planned Parenthood In a tangential exploration, I volunteer with a wonderful group of local students as a Youth Advocate for the  Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts. Every month, we come together to learn about effective feedback and facilitation, sexual and reproductive health, intersectionality, and other essential topics. In the spring, we will leave the familiar training boardroom to deliver workshops on providing competent and inclusive care to teens and young adults. These workshops will be delivered to healthcare professionals in Planned Parenthood and possibly other similar clinics. It’s a wonderful opportunity for a worthwhile cause. Also, we get to learn and practice universal skills for the future. By the PPLM entrance, I always pass the passionate abortion protesters. They chant, yell, and hold posters that say, among other things, “Babies are Endangered Species” and “ISIS is Us.” Once, they sang hymns in a lovely quartet. Every time, the protesters get close and attempt to convince me out of an abortion. The Planned Parenthood volunteer smiles as she lets me in the building and I feel marginally hurt that the outside crowd does not remember me by now. Regardless of the protests, I love the Saturdays at PPLM. The activity pushes me off campus to interact with awesome students from entirely different environments. The other Youth Advocates come from Wellesley, Harvard, UMass, and local high schools. We all come from starkly different backgrounds. And we have the most awesome discussions together. At Home on First East Back on my hall, I’m enjoying the upperclassman perks, one of which is living in a single. I painted it blue and yellow for joy. Banti G. ‘17, my friend, hallmate, and 5-time blog collaborator/muse, took his room decorating efforts to a whole new level this summer and won the BostonDormContest. See how cool Banti’s room is here. My friend Mariah ‘18 and I organize weekly hall socials as the (Social) Committee. I’ll post photographs of these soon. Best of all, I get to bond with new residents, transfers and freshmen, as well as enjoy reunions with alumni. We continue to create amazing memories of hall events and fads (right now, it’s JOHN CENA). Away, Away from MIT And now I have fled MIT before the start of Finals Week. Haven’t been at my other (Ohio) home since August and now I’m excited to finally see my sister, family, and friends. It’s been a marvelous semester. And I have an even more involved  Independent Activities Period (IAP) to look forward to.  IAP is the best time for adventures and new experiences, both in the icy Boston and on campus. Just look at all these exciting activities right here at MIT. My plane has now calmed from its turbulent phase and its powerful hum is inducing me to sleep Onwards to new adventures! What was your Fall semester like?

International accounting measures integral part of organization functioning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1187 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? International Accounting includes various measures that act as an integral part of organization functioning in order to channelize all the issues related to cost and accounting so as to expand its operations internationally. There are a particular set of rules associated with this particular feature that are governed by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This associated perform its operations over organizations operating at global level through proper and enhanced application of international accounting standards. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International accounting measures integral part of organization functioning" essay for you Create order There has been a considerable change in the way of operation of accounting standards along with the way of their application, due to high degree of change in environmental factors. These factors need to be scanned and included in accounting standards so as to increase their efficiency. Along with the increase in the concept of globalization, there has been a considerable increase in application of this concept along with the way of its application so as to regulate and mark flow of money. (Peter Walton, 2003) Body International Accounting has become an inevitable factor for finance department of all the organization because of introduction of a large number of significant standards that could be included in its functioning. Methods using which a firm can expand its operations There are two important methods that should be taken into account for a firm to expand its functioning in international market significantly, Monetary Monetary methods are those that are mainly concerned with money, like paying or receiving money for these items. These items are generally analyzed on their face value along which helps in their better assessment. This part of expansion is generally taken care by accounting section of the organization, which also need to expand its domain of working as organizational functioning expands. Non-Monetary Non-monetary methods are those that are concerned with features not involving money. These items are measured in terms of their real values, which makes them highly variable in nature. Another aspect related with these factors is that they are referred differently in different circumstances like market value, fair value, present value, historical cost, etc. Various factors like capital values and retained income balances are also an integral part of non-monetary items. There is a continuous change in the share capital based over the real value of various elements, which makes it highly essential to make an implementation of accounting standards over these variables that will help in their apposite assessment. It is one of the most important factors that define success of a venture at international level. There is a scenario in which serviceable currencyacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s internal value on real basis are getting highly affected by the obliteration of cash inflation especially in those countries with economies having low inflation. In above mentioned case also, there is a need for adjustment of real values of these items on a significant basis. Factors affecting success or failure of a venture Prime factors that categorize a venture as successful or unsuccessful are given below, Accounting Accounting model possess high relevance because of its wide application along with level of exposure it has encountered. International Accounting is a well defined combination of various previously followed accounting models with low inflation. Inflation rate is calculated on an annual basis that is quite easy to be evaluated is retained income of company or a nation is available. For a venture to be succssful at international level, it should possess appropriate accounting standards in its structuring. (Sale, 2004) Inflation Inflation is one of those entities that are considered as a clear representation of economic condition. This involves all economic and non-economic factors associated with the organization or nation for which inflation rate is to be calculated. Thus various factors that are related with this feature should be taken into account for its proper analysis that increases level of ambiguity. In order to explain this concept in an explicit manner, there is a need for certain standards that will help in measuring this parameter in proper format. Another factor that should be considered is that possible source of income for a venture. If income of a venture comes from diversified sources, it is more likely to become successful even if inflation rate becomes considerably high. All these features raise the need of adoption of suitable accounting measures that are guided by a particular set of standards and are capable to operate an organization successfully at international level. Shareholder Analysis Accounting also helps in taking care of shareholders that should be done in an appropriate manner, which will help in better assessment of companyacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s present market positioning, after it has followed expansion strategy. This is because of significant impact along with high level of influence of stakeholders over organizational performance especially in financial respect. International accounting helps organization to choose best possible strategies that will assist organization in increasing shareholderacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in the company which ultimately helps organization in gaining an upper edge in competitive environment. Accounting is considered as best possible tool to perform this activity as financial examination of external entities is considered to be as best possible analysis that could be performed for current analysis of the company after various expansion tactics have been applied at international level. There is a critical need to make s ure that these accounting standards are applied in appropriate format as improper application of those may result in financial disturbance which is considered as one of the most difficult problems an organization may incur, leading to its failure. One such situation could be hyperinflation which is a result of improper application of accounting standards along with unfavorable financial analysis, when an organization faces various international constraints. This might also result in unnecessary exaggeration of certain variables that will directly make an impact over real values, hence resulting in affecting the balance within organization. Conclusion International Accounting is considered as one of the most important parameter that has to be included in the functioning of the organization or nation as it takes care of economic resources with the help of counting. This procedure is guided with the help of certain standards decided by the authority taking care of all such factors to indicate final status of the organization, i.e. successful or failure. These standards are updated on a regular basis so as to make sure there is proper synchronization between companyacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s analysis and external factors, when an expansion effort is made in global market. As these standards are applicable at even national level, which makes it highly important for companies operating in more than one country to involve these factors in their functioning which will help these organizations in keeping an appropriate record of availability of resources. It also assists such organization to work in accordance to the local and global standar ds of functioning, which may vary from place to place hence affecting their productivity. There are a large number of factors like inflation, shareholder analysis, monetary and non-monetary issues that has to be taken into consideration because of their lofty significance in defining present condition of the organization along with its future aspects when it extend its working to global level.

Fear and Confusion in films Psycho and Carrie Essay

Fear and Confusion in films Psycho and Carrie In horror films, there is always one scene that opens up the perceived realm of normality to that of fear and confusion. Directors and authors alike use these scenes to show the change in the pace of the film. In both the movie Psycho (1960) and Carrie (1976), shower scenes are used to mark this epic turning point with sexuality, blood and voyeurism; the most important ingredients to horror. The idea of sneaking around and peering into forbidden places gives just about everyone a thrill. Voyeurism is used strongly in both Psycho and Carrie due to its ability to entice thrill in the viewer. In Carrie, we start the scene by looking into a girls high†¦show more content†¦We are then given an extreme close-up of Normans eye, staring wide into the room; the view we have gives us the thrill of actually being there, watching Marion undress. This method of filming, giving the audience the sight of the forbidden, adds thrill to the important scenes. Thrill only encourages us to watch the movie more intently, on the edge of our seats. Sexuality also adds a great deal of tension to the two scenes. We watch as Marion drops her robe to the floor and steps gingerly into the shower. Once in the shower, we are given a point-of-view shot of the showerhead, a huge showerhead covering her entire body with clean, warm water, cleansing her of her sins in an almost baptismal way. We are allowed only collarbone-up shots of her in the shower, only hints to her nakedness. We can only imagine what she looks like, giving the audience the same thoughts that raced through Normans mind as he looked in on her through the peephole. Carrie is also highly sexualized, more so given the fact that more nudity was allowed with the changing times. As we gaze at the different close-up camera shots of her body, we watch as she reaches for the soap. The audience watches as she rubs soap all over her body in slow motion, her face complacent in both peace and pleasure. Carrie then begins to rub her breasts and her inner thigh in a very

Signs and symptoms Free Essays

Keep child calm and help them take medicine. Phone parent and if it worsens call 999 Sickle cell anemia Fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, cold hands and feet, pain Refer to care plan and phone parent If needed Diabetes Passing urine more often than usual, tiredness, thirsty Refer to care plan and phone parent if needed Chicken pox Fever, rash, itchy Try to stop child scratching, phone parent Conjunctively Itchy sticky eyes, red eyes, green go Stop child rubbing eyes, phone parent Croup Difficulty breathing, short barking cough Keep child calm and encourage to breathe, call parent if it persists Persistent Diarrhea and sickness Pale, lifeless Encourage child to drink small sips of water, keep them calm in a quiet area. Phone parent Very pale and lifeless appearance URGENT Phone parent and 999 Phone parent Eczema Itchy dry rash Stop child scratching and distract them Impetigo Fluid filled blisters, itchy rash, red sores Call parent Measles Slight cold, sore throat, swollen glands, pink rash Meningitis Fever, headache, confusion, affected by light, stiff neck, rash Call 999 and parent Unconsciousness Lifeless, unresponsive Check for breathing put in recovery position call 999 and parent Continuing high temperature/Febrile convulsions Keep calm in quiet place call 999 and parent Severe headache Nauseous, vomiting, sensitive to light Persistent or strange crying Shock. We will write a custom essay sample on Signs and symptoms or any similar topic only for you Order Now How to cite Signs and symptoms, Papers

An Entrepreneurial Venture For Online Education Website - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurial Venture For Online Education Website For College Students. Answer: Background information Online education has become most common in many advanced institutions. However, the quality and credibility of these institutions web portal have been highly questioned. The idea of online education was initiated so that institutions can provide education to a wide range and variety of students at different places in the world. The online platform, however, has not been up to standards as is possible that a person can impersonate himself or herself just to take the place of a student on having access to the student ID and personal PIN. It is the reason why I have come up with this website that will be specially customized to curb such issues. The portal has designed specially in a way that it will require students who enroll with college students provide their biometrics to the institution so that those who access the web portal and attend classes are kept in check. This will enable eradicate issues where people who have gone through higher education levels being hired by students to write their online assignments and examinations. The web will also provide a live session where students can communicate with their lectures online during classes to seek for clarification in areas where they do not understand clearly. Project goals/ objectives To make online college education more pleasing, credible and of a high standard to students, colleges should provide students with one stop access to all staff members, departments and the available programs that the institution offers. The main objective of this entrepreneurial venture is to; Provide all information for qualifications and requirements for a student to enroll in online classes program in the institutions. Launch a simple and secure user-friendly portal to students Provide access in 24/7 for frequently asked questions (FAQ) section Facilitate easy means of communication and distribution of information in the faculties and all students in the institutions. Mission statement To set up a college website that will ensure commitment in online student learning support by launching 24/7 campus website portal that captures and uses students biometrics to ensure transparency, quality, and credible online studying platform. Target market The targeted organizations in this business venture are some local institutions that have not yet adopted online classes fully. Also, this idea will be great boost to those who have already initiated the program through without advanced features such as the biometric section that increases answer the questions on the integrity of the service. The service will also provide the institution to admit a larger number of students from the community as the technology offers them a solution. The project will later be integrated to suit well for companies in other industries after full adoption in the institutions. I have already made a few plans be implemented at the college hence the presence of the developed technical support team, a tech center, online registration of some students and services to students, training programs on how to access services such as classes, online library, and other more technological advancements. The future advancement that I will incorporate to the main server and the portal is to extend the services from the education industry to the security sector of other organizations by introducing a sensor such that the people who approach the organization's entrance will be seen from several meters away. The tech will, therefore, inform the security personnel at the gate minutes before the person arrives. This will help improve the security of the organization as there will be enough time to act if the parties are termed as a hazard to the organization's security. Start-up Summary To present the new portal to universities and colleges within the society, the project needs a biometric capturing device that will encourage the institutions to embrace it. As the owner of this project, I recommended that there was a need to present the web formation to the university committee that represents the entire institution from the administration, different schools (faculties) and students. The committee recommended that an evaluation of the effectiveness of the portal be carried out and provided a few inputs for selected students for providing inputs for design and features. The school committee has agreed to buy my idea if I come up with a full order for setting up the realistic plan. The start-up costs would involve labor and the product development; these two costs are highlighted in details under the cost analysis area of this business plan. Products and services The top benefits and features that the web will avail include; Confirmation of user biometric information Customizable user interface Single password sign on Wiki Discussion board Content and DocumentManagement Blogs Outlook integration- campus E-mail, Class and work schedules Web advisor integration- application, transcripts, orientation, financial help, grades, personal account information as well as all other necessary current web advisor functions. Blackboard integration Document sharing easy access to files for collaboration, class documents and office documents for different faculties. Market Analysis Summary Distance learning and online education services continue to grow at an alarming rate at community colleges. Community colleges have been reporting a continuous increase in distance education enrolments in the past years. According to a survey released in 2014 at an annual meeting of the American Association of Community Colleges in Philadelphia, there an average increase of 18 percent in distance education. The survey on these community colleges and distance learning was in an annual report for the technology council which is an affiliate of the AACC (Drucker, 2014). It was by 150 community colleges that were selected from the possible sample frame. However, the preceding years (i.e., 2014 and 2015) surveys show that most of this institutions did not have any possible methods for solving the issue of impersonation that was common among the students enrolled in online classes (Piva et.al, 2012). Most students from other surveys acknowledged that they would seek for help during the times of exams in the online platform and or when assignments were administered to them. There were also claims by students that some colleges were offering a few courses online compared to those at the institutions as well as program coverage (Stam, 2010). Majority of the colleges were offering degree programs online though they have no suitable way for making follow up activities towards their students (Callison and Vestal, 2010). The other challenge of offering online education that the colleges reported facing was the failure of college students to fill out course evaluations (Breugst et.al, 2012). Though this was not among the top challenges, it remains an issue not yet resolved and would affect the way people see the distance education system. Training professors have been a major issue for the institutions offering distance learning according to the reports from the surveys conducted (Shane, 2012). Over 60 percent of the professors in the surveyed institutions required a training of more than eight hours. This was evident from the written responses that the professors gave with a lot of frustrations. Most of them claimed that the faculty was so occupied such that it could not have a chance to train them. They claimed to have little computer experience hence the difficulty in getting in line with the proposed changes due to the introduction of distance education (Baron et.al, 2011). They claimed to have no rich ideas on what can be accomplished in a well-designed distance education course. However, my project, most of this challenges will be addressed as the web portal will be customized in such a way that there will be common information that can only be accessed by both the professors and students and another specific information (Morris et.al, 2010). This will be by the professor's faculty; the information will be only available on providing the server with the user password and the biometric details. There will also be sample attachments through video demonstrations that will show how one can use the web portal effectively to achieve the desired outcome (Samila and Sorenson, 2011). The students will also be getting the same content as those who are within the institution to ensure full coverage of course. Also, the web portal for each student will be customized into sessions and their specific time (Kuratko, 2009). This will aid in curbing class skipping by students as the sessions will be expiring after the stipulated period and if there were assignments submitted within that time. SWOT Analysis Every business venture has possible strengths and weaknesses (Onetti, 2012). The strengths should always be able to out-way the weakness and threats for any business to become successful in its operations. Those for the web portal am seeking for funds to launch it to colleges are enumerated below. Strengths Availing online services for students (Hsu Ziedonis, 2008) such as application for online classes, counseling to student in the distance education program, registration sites, transcripts, class schedules, financial assistance, instructor evaluations and monitoring platform, and orientation of new students Blackboard for the instructors Number of sections/ courses offers online and their names Professional development training and guidelines for instructors Online annual student survey for students to give the ratings and recommendations for the distance education web portal and the entire system. Weaknesses The online services are common in different areas and thus not all in one easily accessible place for students to find Assessment is not done online for students. The assessment test is only available online for the colleges that adopt this type of customized web portal. The technical support team is only available for a few hours and in low capacity, and there are numerous pathways students have to take to get the help they need, regardless of where they start looking for it. There is no consistency as each faculty is independent on how it handles support matters. Communicating with instructors is a major problem for many distance education sites. However, this has been resolved in my business idea as there is a provision for the section where the student interacts with the instructor at the end of the session to seek clarification on points where he or she did not get the point well. Opportunities Demand for classes is high Gas prices are high hence most people prefer enrolling in online classes where they can save much as they do not require to travel 100 percent guaranteed to get a degree through online class Inform high schools of the online opportunities for online classes Threats The academic integrity of the online classes. This has however been addressed in this web by providing a sector for biometric information for every student to ensure that no one takes a student's place. Perceived quality of instruction. This is addressed by the provision of training and other guidelines to the instructor in the web portal. Funding/ state budget. The college needs capital to hire a full developed web portal that will operate within the country effectively. Student technology. The level of technology of students may not be up to the standards where they can use the online platform for studying but for other irrelevant activities (Jackson, 2011). This is however addressed by this website in the sense that when the student diverts to other websites, his or her session will become inactive and thus risking the loss of marks in case an assignment is given. From the above, it is evident that the strengths and the opportunities carry much weight compared to the weakness and threats as most of the drawbacks have been curbed by putting up standard measures in place. Strategy and implementation In line with the timeline I created together with the development committee, this idea needs a team of both MIS staff and computer support services to evaluate the suitability of the web portal to the institution and other organizations (Zahra and Nambisan, 2012). The implementing team lead by me would need to involve parties on colleges that would be affected by the launch of the product (Pinto Blue, 2016). Instruction and student services will be needed to choose a timeframe that they feel would have little or no impact on their daily activities/ functions that students require on the Web advisor (Roure and Maidique, 2009). Before the actual implementation, a test environment was established to assure that all parts and sections of the website are fully functioning before the launching of the portal. The project team also recommended that a student's panel to be assembled to check web portal and gather information on whether it functions well or not. Other areas that needed evaluation before the actual implementation were the board policy, technical support, user training, and security permissions (Bruton et.al, 2009). As the owner of the idea, it was my goal that all areas of the portal are well tested and examined before the release of the live web portal version to the campus community. Strategy and Promotion A crucial part of promoting the web portal is understanding the merits of products and services in any market environment. In every promotional advertisements and article, the importance and advantages of the new features of the customized features will be critically emphasized (Overholm, 2015). The benefits that originate from the advantages will as well be put the emphasis. Students look for certain benefits that have been addressed by this portal. These include saving money, gaining comfort, saving time, lowering costs and many others. The service and promotion strategy of this web portal is all about the benefits that it presents to the users. Marketing strategies Mailing the college class schedule with simple instructions on how to use the web portal Marketing flyers and pamphlets at senior centers Promotion of online learning activities through other departments such as; admissions and records, career services and community education. Management summary The portal will be implemented by a committee from the college where I will be the team leader. There will need to represent other different areas of the campus in this committee. There will be some students, staff, andManagement Information Systems (MIS) who I involved to confirm the suitability of my idea. The portal is a Datatel product, known as Active Campus Portal. Therefore, we will require support from Datatel and MIS to aid me in making this product a success. Nevertheless, the portal interacts with the campus calendar, networks, servers and various departments. Thus, I will need IT support throughout the lifetime of this product. This idea requires a lot of capital to commercialize it to a wide range of institution and other organizations. In return, it is a promising business venture as it will plow back the invested capital within a short span of time since many institutions are will to buy it. Cost Analysis Software Intern Cost ($) Datatel Student Portal license 30,000 Yearly maintenance 3500 Hardware Database server 10,000 Indexing server 5000 Share point servers 15,000 Staffing costs Full time staff 40,000 References Baron, R.A. and Tang, J., 2011. The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation: Joint effects of positive affect, creativity, and environmental dynamism.Journal of Business Venturing,26(1), pp.49-60. Breugst, N., Domurath, A., Patzelt, H. and Klaukien, A., 2012. Perceptions of entrepreneurial passion and employees' commitment to entrepreneurial ventures.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,36(1), pp.171-192. Bruton, G.D., Ahlstrom, D. and Puky, T., 2009. Institutional differences and the development of entrepreneurial ventures: A comparison of the venture capital industries in Latin America and Asia.Journal of International Business Studies,40(5), pp.762-778. Callison, J.W. and Vestal, A.W., 2010. The L3C Illusion: Why Low-Profit Limited Liability Companies Will Not Stimulate Socially Optimal Private Foundation Investment in Entrepreneurial Ventures.Vt. L. Rev.,35, p.273. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Hsu, D.H. and Ziedonis, R.H., 2008, August.Patents As Quality Signals For Entrepreneurial Ventures. InAcademy ofManagement Proceedings(Vol. 2008, No. 1, pp. 1-6). Academy of Management. Jackson, D.J., 2011. What is an innovation ecosystem.National Science Foundation,1. Kuratko, D.F., 2009.Introduction to entrepreneurship. Australia and UK: South-Western. Morris, M.H., Kuratko, D.F. and Covin, J.G., 2010.Corporate entrepreneurship innovation. Cengage Learning. Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M.V. and McDougall-Covin, P.P., 2012. Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms.Journal of Management Governance,16(3), pp.337-368. Overholm, H., 2015. Collectively created opportunities in emerging ecosystems: the case of solar service ventures.Technovation,39, pp.14-25. Pinto, L.E. and Blue, L.E., 2016. Pushing the entrepreneurial prodigy: Canadian Aboriginal entrepreneurship education initiatives.Critical Studies in Education,57(3), pp.358-375. Piva, E., Rentocchini, F. and Rossi?Lamastra, C., 2012. Is open source software about innovation? Collaborations with the open source community and innovation performance of software entrepreneurial ventures.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), pp.340-364. Ries, E., 2011.The lean startup: How today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. Crown Books. Roure, J.B. and Maidique, M.A., 2009. Linking prefunding factors and high-technology venture success: An exploratory study.Journal of Business Venturing,1(3), pp.295-306. Samila, S. and Sorenson, O., 2011. Venture capital, entrepreneurship, and economic growth.The Review of Economics and Statistics,93(1), pp.338-349. Schwienbacher, A. and Larralde, B., 2010. Crowdfunding of small entrepreneurial ventures. Shane, S., 2012. The importance of angel investing in financing the growth of entrepreneurial ventures.The Quarterly Journal of Finance,2(02), p.1250009. Stam, W., 2010. Industry event participation and network brokerage among entrepreneurial ventures.Journal of Management Studies,47(4), pp.625-653. Zahra, S.A. and Nambisan, S., 2012. Entrepreneurship and strategic thinking in business ecosystems.Business horizons,55(3), pp.219-229.

Summary Of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Summary Of Hamlet Essay Summary Of The PlayHamletBy: Amanda WellmanIts a story of murder, betrail, hatred all rapped up in one astonishing play. An amazing play in fact, one of which I thought was the best Shakespear ever wrote. There are some many different themes in the book. It a play that I would suggest anyone to read if there looking for a great story! Brief SummaryHamlet is the son of the late King Hamlet (of Denmark), who died two months before the start of the play. After King Hamlets death, his brother, Claudius, becomes king, and marries King Hamlets widow, Gertrude (Queen of Denmark). We will write a custom essay on Summary Of Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Young Hamlet fears that Claudius killed his own brother (Hamlets father) to become king of Denmark, greatly angering Hamlet. Two officers, Marcellus and Barnardo, summon Hamlets friend Horatio, and later Hamlet himself to see the late King Hamlets ghost appear at midnight. The ghost tells Hamlet privately that Claudius had indeed murdered King Hamlet by pouring poison in his ear. Hamlet is further enraged and plots of how to revenge his fathers death. In his anger, Hamlet seems to act like a madman, prompting King Claudius, his wife Gertrude, and his advisor Polonius to send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet and figure out why he is acting mad. Hamlet even treats Polonius daughter Ophelia rudely, prompting Polonius to believe Hamlet is madly in love with her, though Claudius expects otherwise. Polonius, a man who talks too long- windedly, had allowed his son Laertes to go to France (then sent Reynaldo to spy on Laertes) and had ordered Ophelia not to associate with Hamlet. Claudius, fearing Hamlet may try to kill him, sends Hamlet to England. Before leaving, however, Hamlet convinces an acting company to reenact King Hamlets death before Claudius, in the hopes of causing Claudius to break down and admit to murdering King Hamlet. Though Claudius is enraged, he does not admit to murder. Hamlets mother tries to reason with Hamlet after the play, while Polonius spied on them from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him through the curtain, thinking the person is Claudius. When finding out the truth, Hamlet regrets the death, yet Claudius still sends him to England, accompanied by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with orders from Claudius that the English kill Hamlet as soon as her arrives. After Hamlet leaves, Laertes returns from France, enraged over Polonius death. Ophelia reacts to her fathers death with utter madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns, further angering Laertes. En route to England, Hamlet finds the orders and changes them to order Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed, as does occur, though Hamlet is kidnapped by pirates one day later. The pirates return Hamlet to Claudius (for a ransom), and Claudius tries one last attempt to eliminate Hamlet: he arranges a sword duel between Laertes and Hamlet. The trick, however, is that the tip of Laertes sword is poisoned. As a backup precaution, Claudius poisons the victory cup in case Hamlet wins. During the fight, the poisoned drink is offered to Hamlet, he declines, and instead his mother, Gertrude, drinks it (to the objection of Claudius). Laertes, losing to Hamlet, illegally scratches him with the poisoned sword to ensure Hamlets death. Hamlet (unknowingly), then switches swords with Laertes, and cuts and poisons him. The queen dies, screaming that she has been poisoned and Laertes, dying, admits of Claudius treachery. Weakening, Hamlet fatally stabs Claudius, Laertes dies, and Hamlet begins his death speech. Though Horatio wants to commit suicide out of sorrow, Hamlet entreats him to tell the story of King Hamlets death and Rosencrantz and Guildensterns deaths to all. Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, arrives from conquest of England, and Hamlets last dying wish is that Fortinbras become the new King of Denmark. Words/ Pages : 632 / 24

History of the Asian American Civil Rights Movement

History of the Asian American Civil Rights Movement During the Asian American civil rights movement of the 1960s and 70s, activists fought for the development of ethnic studies programs in universities, an end to the Vietnam War, and reparations for Japanese Americans forced into  internment camps during World War II. The movement had come to a close by the late 1980s. The Birth of Yellow Power By watching African Americans expose institutional racism and government hypocrisy, Asian Americans began to identify the ways in which they, too, had faced discrimination in the United States. â€Å"The ‘black power’ movement caused many Asian Americans to question themselves,† wrote Amy Uyematsu in â€Å"The Emergence of Yellow Power,† a 1969 essay. â€Å"‘Yellow power is just now at the stage of an articulated mood rather than a program- disillusionment and alienation from white America and independence, race pride and self-respect.† Black activism played a fundamental role in the launch of the Asian American civil rights movement, but Asians and Asian Americans influenced black radicals as well. African American activists often cited the writings of China’s communist leader  Mao Zedong. Also, a founding member of the Black Panther Party- Richard Aoki- was Japanese American. A military veteran who spent his early years in an internment camp, Aoki donated weapons to the Black Panthers and trained them in their use. Impact of Internment Like Aoki, a number of Asian American civil rights activists were Japanese American internees or the children of internees. The decision of President Franklin Roosevelt to force more than 110,000 Japanese Americans into concentration camps during World War II had a detrimental impact on the community. Forced into camps based on fears that they still maintained ties to the Japanese government, Japanese Americans strove to prove that they were authentically American by assimilating, yet  they continued to face discrimination. Speaking out about the racial bias they faced felt risky for some Japanese Americans, given their past treatment by the U.S. government. â€Å"Unlike other groups, Japanese Americans were expected to be quiet and behave and thus did not have sanctioned outlets to express the anger and indignation that accompanied their racially subordinated status,† writes Laura Pulido in Black, Brown, Yellow and Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles. Goals of the Movement When not only blacks but also Latinos and Asian Americans from various ethnic groups began to share their experiences of oppression, indignation replaced fear about the ramifications of speaking out. Asian Americans on college campuses demanded a curriculum representative of their histories. Activists also sought to prevent gentrification from destroying Asian American neighborhoods. Explained activist Gordon Lee in a 2003  Hyphen  magazine piece called â€Å"The Forgotten Revolution,† â€Å"The more we examined our collective histories, the more we began to find a rich and complex past. And we became outraged at the depths of the economic, racial and gender exploitation that had forced our families into roles as subservient cooks, servants or coolies, garment workers and prostitutes, and which also improperly labeled us as the ‘model minority’ comprised of ‘successful’ businessmen, merchants or professionals.†Ã‚   Students' Efforts College campuses provided fertile ground for the movement. Asian Americans at the University of California, Los Angeles launched groups such as Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA) and Orientals Concerned. A group of Japanese American UCLA students also formed the leftist publication Gidra in 1969. Meanwhile, on the East Coast, branches of AAPA formed at Yale and Columbia. In the Midwest, Asian student groups formed at the University of Illinois, Oberlin College, and the University of Michigan. â€Å"By 1970, there were more than 70 campus and†¦ community groups with ‘Asian American’ in their name, Lee recalled. â€Å"The term symbolized the new social and political attitudes that were sweeping through communities of color in the United States. It was also a clear break with the name ‘Oriental.’† Outside of college campuses, organizations such as I Wor Kuen and Asian Americans for Action formed on the East Coast. One of the movement’s greatest triumphs was when Asian American students and other students of color participated in strikes in 1968 and 69 at San Francisco State University and the University of California, Berkeley for the development of ethnic studies programs. Students demanded to design the programs and select the faculty who would teach the courses. Today, San Francisco State offers more than 175 courses in its College of Ethnic Studies. At Berkeley, Professor Ronald Takaki helped develop the nation’s first Ph.D. program in comparative ethnic studies. Vietnam and Pan-Asian Identity A challenge of the Asian American civil rights movement from the outset was that Asian Americans identified by ethnic group rather than as a racial group. The Vietnam War changed that. During the war, Asian Americans- Vietnamese or otherwise- faced hostility. â€Å"The injustices and racism exposed by the Vietnam War also helped cement a bond between different Asian groups living in America,† Lee said. â€Å"In the eyes of the United States military, it didn’t matter if you were Vietnamese or Chinese, Cambodian or Laotian, you were a ‘gook,’ and therefore subhuman.† The Movement Ends After the Vietnam War, many radical Asian American groups dissolved. There was no unifying cause to rally around. For Japanese Americans, though, the experience of being interned had left festering wounds. Activists organized to have the federal government apologize for its actions during World War II. In 1976, President Gerald Ford signed Proclamation 4417, in which internment was declared a â€Å"national mistake.† A dozen years later, President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which distributed $20,000 in reparations to surviving internees or their heirs and included an apology from the federal government.

Why Many Good Workers Turn into Bad Bosses Essay

Why Many Good Workers Turn into Bad Bosses - Essay Example When Mr. Min was promoted as the Chief Chef, orientation was given by the management about the nature of the job and expectations of the management. But when Mr. Min took charge he was not performing well as he had done in his previous job. There was confusion in the kitchen and the kitchen staff were de-motivated. In fact some of the chefs were considering exploring new opportunities. The management was concerned about the developments in the kitchen and Mr. Min was called for meeting with the management. Separate interviews were also conducted with the kitchen staff to identify the source of the problems. It was identified by the management that, the position of the Chief Chef is a job which requires more of leadership and interpersonal skills than of culinary skills. A Chief Chef should know culinary but the knowledge of culinary alone does not make a Chief. Mr. Min was a very good chef but when it came to leading a department it was very difficult for him, because his ability to lead the department in a positive manner was very less. As the Chief of a department it is very essential that a person understands the need to moti vate the staff in a positive way.

To what extent do you believe public pressure to bring the troops home Essay

To what extent do you believe public pressure to bring the troops home may have sped up the withdrawl of US forces from Europe - Essay Example However, while France and other Allied forces conceded to anti-war public demands, the United States opted for â€Å"moderation† (Ripsman). Because of this, the influence of anti-war propaganda on U.S. policy was not that extensive. Nevertheless, despite the policy of Roosevelt’s government towards moderation, the 800,000-member organization, AFC, specifically only its New York chapter, was able to receive as much as $190,000 from the public as well as support from famous American figures like Charles Lindbergh, Sinclair Lewis and Walt Disney. The AFC pushed for the neutrality of the United States in the Second World War, through the 1939 Neutrality Act, which hoped to make President Roosevelt keep his promise of not letting the United States participate in WWII. For the AFC, American neutrality is based on the idea that the United States must rather be defensive and must not join the war in Europe simply for some Jews’ desires to destroy Germany, and that it is only in this way that it can preserve its democracy. These goals were echoed in the speeches of Lindbergh across the United States in several AFC rallies. The passing of the 1939 Neutrality Act, however, was all changed when the Japanese b ombed Pearl Harbor (â€Å"America First Committee†). In 1943, the pressure from pro-Jewish campaigners pushed Roosevelt to go on with the war and establish the War Refugee Board. This means that although the anti-war protesters were strong, the President listened more to the pro-war protesters (Gibney & Hansen 263). Therefore, public pressure to send American troops back home from Europe in World War II was not that strong. The war pushed through and there are still even American soldiers in Europe until now (Shock Poll). â€Å"Shock Poll: 51% of Voters Want US Troops Out of Europe.† 2012. The American Interest. 26 Jan 2013.

Report on the Case Study of Virgin Trains. Organization Success

Report on the Case Study of Virgin Trains. Organization Success In the modern era, business activities have got shape of changes in different ways, if we talk in organization behavior, technology of the company, the customer satisfaction, the method of productions, the use of latest and modern equipments, the management of human resource, the intellectual resources, the activities of marketing, marketing management, products development and many other areas of the business which are consistently changing with company environment and customer need and wants. Most of he company now a days are going through change management. Change management is a process of changing the overall activities of the organizations if not all but with some extent those activities which the management feel that the company continuously facing problem by handling the work of the organization. So they decide to change the management or administration or those activities which are continuously disturbing the work environment of the company. The following may be the most imp ortant areas in which the business are taking interest to make a change. These are as under. Culture of the company, Work enviromnet, Technology, Production techniques Administration of the company, Use of latest and modern means and sources for business, Change in management etc. We can define the change management also by the help of following words. The process of changing the activities of the organization as well as the implementation of the procedures and technologies to achieve the desire objective of the organization, simply words to change the environment of the business organization and to achieve a high profit form that changing, usually change management includes different aspects such as control change, adaptation change and effecting change. The final goal of the change management is the long term sustainability of the organization. There may be some internal and external triggers which bring change in the organization activities. Change Management Importance. The process of change management is not an easy task because it requires the business skill, analytical skill, political skill, system skill, people skill, and Change management plays a vital role in the organization development because it gives stability to the organization by studying the internal and external changes. It also provides a solid base for the value and reputation. And also maximize the profit of the business concern. Change management also provides good culture and sound working system to the organization, it also creates top bottom approaches to facilitate and promote the need for a culture. Where employees do perform their activities with effective and efficient manner? Which also provide basis for human resource manger to implement those strategies for training and development which boost up the current employees for the need of the organization? Now a days various companies are hiring the services of management consultant to learn how best manage the activities of the business concern, the consultant providing best techniques for implementing the change process and to achieve the organization objectives. A) Critically examination of the case study of the virgin train. Relationship vision and culture of the company: As before all the trains network in the hand of Britain government, they appointed a separate body for the management and handling of the railway activities known as Britain rail. But since 1997 virgin train operating complete in private sector, the quality and management of the virgin train is now so better. The routes of train go through Manchester, Glasgow, and Birmingham and many others cites of the United Kingdom. The new chief executive of the virgin train has announced a new vision for a company which has with great extent support the company in different situation. Vision and mission statement of the virgin train: Vision: a statement is some time called a picture of the company in the future. Vision statement is the company aspiration, their frame work for all strategic planning of the company. The vision statement answers the question where do we want to go. For example the vision statement of the eye clinic in America is our vision is to take care of your vision. And the vision of the adamjee pharmaceuticals is the name you have learn to trust. Mission: mission statement is a brief description of a company fundamental purpose. Mission statement give answer the question why do we exist. The vision of virgin train is very clear, it has very close relation to the all activities of the virgin trains, the basic and fundamental aim of the virgin train is to achieve the customer satisfaction and coordination among employees, for this reason they have divided the whole activities of the organization into group they have developed separate region for controlling the activities of the virgin train and each region is handed over to manager for best control. Each region of the company is seeking to maximize the quality of the service to customer and other objectives of the company. Tony Collins the chief executive the company has well established the vision of the company which has differentiated the company with others, the main theme of the vision of virgin train is to empower the employees to take responsibility and ownership of their performance. This vision has worked with great extent. And have played an important role in transforming the vision in culture of the company . Vision helps the organization to meet the objective and target with some core values. The vision of the virgin train is To become the most safe, consistent, reliable and profitable of the train operating franchises in a climate that respects different views and people need not be afraid to be open and honest. If we see the vision of the virgin train it is clear form the above that it set out the concept of profitability, safety and responsibility and customer services and relation with them. Now we will see that how the vision and culture of the virgin train have some relation or not. Culture is the way of working style in the organization which is clearly study from the behavior of he employees, culture is the way of working activities, that how the manager behave with employees while they are doing their activities. And how manger treats the subordinates. Culture also depicts the procedures and system for activities and care abut the customer because customers are the ultimate king of the business. The virgin train vision and culture have strong relation ship becaus e the vision of the virgin trains have provided a solid base for culture of the company, as we have studied in this case study of the virgin train that they have now divided the activities in different region and they have move from their traditional concept to new one is the customer is the priority. We can see the culture example how they have managed the culture from their vision, the provision of toys in waiting rooms to keep childrens happy. Virgin train also encouraging recycling in all offices. They have also encouraging employees to take part in communication and give suggestion and share ideas of important issues and challenges. B) What influence organization culture in change management. First of all we must shortly define that what is meant by culture, organizational culture is a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization form other organizations. (Stephens). Culture is also consists of norm, values, attitudes, beliefs, opinion and custom and traditions of the employees while doing work in the organization how they feeling and how they finding the place for their selves. Factors influencing organization culture: The following elements or factors can be sued to influence the organization culture. a) Control system b) organization structures c) power structures d) the paradigm e) stories and myths f) symbols and g) rituals and routines a) Control system: The system to monitor that what is going on in the organization. b) Organization structures: The hierarchies of the organization, the way through which the work can be carried on, the lines of reporting etc c) Power structures. What is power based. Who will be responsible for making decision, and how power can be widely spread. d) The paradigm; the organization mission. Values, vision, what it about, and why it exists. e) Stories and myths. Events must be building up, and what is important in organization and what is not, f) Symbols. The logos and design of the organization but it also be extended. g) Rituals and routines. Meeting of management, reports of the board and so one. C) Contribution of the Organization Structure to the achievement of the Change process. Organization structure may define as organizational structure is a system of arrangement, the pattern or network of relation, between the various positions and their holders. David Buchanan.) All organization has some aims and objectives. To achieve those objectives all organization makes provision to regulate such activities, which contribute to the achievement of the goals. Such allocation of resources, supervision and coordination among the organization elements are developed to constitute the organization structure. What may be the structure of the organization if it is matrix or project, free form but with out proper structure of the organization activities no change process can be best implemented in the organization because organization structure makes it easy to understand the whole activities of the organization and which help in the change process. So it is very important for the management to develop such structure which regulates the activities of the organization and to achieve the targets. Peter Drucker suggests some principles for designing organization structure these are; clarity economy direction of vision understanding by individual of his own task and the task of whole decision making stability and adaptability and perpetuation and self renewal these principles serves to support the designing in the organization structure, if these are follows so with no doubt one can develop good and stable structure which may be supportive in the change management process, as we have seen from case study that how virgin trains have developed the regional structure according to the vision of the company. Elements of the Organization Structures: Five main elements of the organization structure are People Technology Objectives of the organization Environment e) Structure of the company itself. Organization can be viewed as a complex system, which consist the above variables. These variables mutually interrelated with each other and constitute the organizational structure and these variables are affected by environment such as social, political, economical and environmental. Types of the Organizational Structure: Line structure, Staff structure, Functional structures, Matrix structure and Project base. Designing the Organizational Structure: There are many type of organization and every organization has a different structure. Different people are placed in different position in different department of the organizations. Division of grouping and task into functions, departments, sections, and units constitutes the organizational structure. As virgin train adapted the structure for carrying the activities of the trains, they have divided the region and assign each region to a manager for handling the activities and every employees of that region are responsible to report to that specific manger. Departmentalization: Departmentalization refers to the process of grouping together employees who having common supervisor and resources. In simple word departmentalization is the division of the organization into different wings and every wing has common goal and responsible for any work done. An organization may be departmentalizing on the following basis. Function basis e.g. research, finance, and sale etc Product basis e.g. a college on subject base Customer base e. g bank, consumer loan, and business loan departments. Geographic base Time base e.g. one shift, two shift etc Now it is prove form case study of the virgin trains that how organization structure achieved the change process in that specific area, all the activities of the virgin trains have designed in such a way to achieve the customer satisfaction and employees coordination D). Strategies of the virgin trains: As clear form the case study of the virgin train that the company has adopted two main core strategies customer oriented strategy and employees or worker oriented strategies both strategies have developed the virgin trains, because in virgin trains giving priority to customers they are considering that customers are the kings of today market they are better decided about the failure and success of the business concern, and the company all activities are going round with customers so by adopting this customer priority strategy the virgin trains are now attempting to have different position to its rival or competitors, and the other one strategy which have adopted by virgin train is employees oriented because the virgin train is also considering that the workers are also the core point of the success of the business if worker are provided a good environment, health and safety condition, good reward system, well motivated so they can perform better and the company can achieve the goal easily. Effective of the strategies: By adopting these two core strategies the virgin trains now getting several advantages, they have achieved the customer satisfaction, and customer also have realized that the virgin trains is the only quality provider among the different other trains service provider in the Britain, because by adopting the strategy for customer the virgin trains have improved the quality of service by providing different services in different station of the Britain. They have also achieved the customer loyalty not only for short term but also for long term, which in term not maximizing the profitability of the virgin trains but also the reputation and goodwill of the company in the mind of the people. By adopting the strategies for employees they have also improved the work quality and have changed the behavior of the employees in work place which in result have brought good and effective working environment, which have great impact on the quality of services and working condition of the company. The y have also reduced the sickness levels ,the lowering staff turnover rates, have improved customer satisfaction ratings and have reduced numbers of complaint letters form the side of customer and community and also have cost saving from the implementation of this vision of virgin trains. Recommendation: The virgin trains can also improve their services by providing or adopting the following suggestion. Fare should be reasonable to affords by general customer to travel The reward system of the company should be based on employees need which will have positive result form the side of employees and will bring coordination. Fast and time arrival to destination has also the key success of any trains system in the world. Various facilities to customer in different station may also increase the reputation of the company. To design comprehensive, structured program which may also improve the virgin trains performance. A well reporting system may also be developed by the company to have best control of the activities of the company. Introduction of modern technology and system And improvement in system efficiency and productivity.

Five Forces Framework in Personal Computer Industry (DELL) Essay

Introduction: Five Forces Framework in Personal Computer Industry Porter’s Five Forces Model is a model that analyzes an industry to help develop a business strategy. The model uses five forces that have been identified to categorize an industry as intensely competitive or not competitive at all and this will then determine the attractiveness of the market. For the purpose of this assignment, I will use the company that I work with before which is DELL as a case study. Dell Inc. (formerly known as Dell Computer) is an American multinational computer technology corporation based in Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells, repairs and supports computers and related products and services. Bearing the name of its founder, Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest technological corporations in the world, employing more than 103,300 people worldwide.  Dell opened its plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995. They have two plants located in Bayan Lepas (AP 1) and Seberang Perai (AP 2). AP 1 is their main office while AP 2 is Dell Factory and office. In 2006, Dell opened its office in Cyberjaya. Most of the team located in here is for IT Support and Development. Currently they have about 900 people working in Dell Cyberjaya Office. According to Grant (2005), there are many features of an industry in which a company competes that determines the level of competition it will face and the profits it will get. The most famous classification was done by Michael Porter, known as Porters Five Forces framework which can help a company determine its potential profits by looking at five sources of competitive pressure. The five sources of competition are: 1. Competition from entrants 2. Competition from substitutes 3. Competition from established rivals 4. Bargaining power of suppliers 5. Bargaining power of buyers. Taking Dell as an example, I will perform the Porter’s Five Forces analysis on the personal computer industry to identify the state of this market. Porter’s Five Forces – Personal Computer Industry Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants in the personal computer industry is very weak. Currently the market is dominated by five major competitors who have nearly the entire market share; this will likely discourage any potential new companies from entering the market. A huge barrier to entry is also that the market requires significant investments to be made in research and development to continually develop innovative products as well as large fixed start-up costs for manufacturing and employees and customer service. Large firms have the capabilities of manufacturing at lower prices because of the advantage of economies of scale, where the will have fewer per unit costs as a result of their large scale production. Companies trying to enter the market will initially have smaller production and will consequently have higher prices. In the personal computer industry there is currently much  emphasis put on price because consumers have become more price sensitive as personal computers have become more or less a commodity. New entrants will not only have higher prices but they will likely have a less innovative product as well because they do not have equal funding for research and development as other established brands and they will also have to deal with the brand loyal customers that have trusted the existing players in the industry for years. By attempting to join the market without any market share it will also be important for a new entrant to focus its investments more heavily on advertising and marketing then existing brands. A new entrant to the personal computer market will likely not fare well and is almost guaranteed to always be a second mover as the larger companies will develop more innovative products more rapidly because of their many competitive advantages. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Suppliers in the personal computer industry can be categorized into three groups, including hardware suppliers, software suppliers and service suppliers. The core of their products are generally standardized and they compete by focusing on creating better, more advanced products at a better price and not through their attempts to differentiate them. As a result, firms within the industry are able to switch between their suppliers relatively easily. It is really in the hands of the firm and which strategy they are committed to that will determine whether or not they will utilize a high or low end supplier. With the quality of a computer being largely determined by their microprocessors and application system installed within them, suppliers of hardware and software within the industry play a critical role in the pricing of products. If a firm is following a high quality strategy then it can be expected that their prices will generally be higher to reflect the higher prices they are paying their suppliers In terms of service suppliers, the service that can be offered within the personal PC industry include internet, tech support and repair services. These suppliers focus highly on operational performance and relational performance in order to increase customer satisfaction. They also offer a variety of customer loyalty programs in attempts to lock in and expand their customer base while trying to gain the competitive edge over competitors within the service  industry of personal computers. While the PC industry changes regularly, it can be observed that only the central processing unit (CPU) is a key input. All other items are commodity in nature and so don’t command a bargaining power. Intel has a significant market power as it is a single major supplier of microprocessor and has an 80% of market share. Thus, Dell as computer manufacturer holds a power over the suppliers as opposed to the suppliers holding a power over the manufacturers. It is the suppliers that are in direct competition with each other. The suppliers are often forced to slash prices or merge with larger companies in order to survive. Hence, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate. Bargaining Power of Buyers The personal computer industry is somewhat vulnerable against the bargaining power of buyers. In recent years customers have more and more alternative options to the personal computer. Smartphones, tablet computers, and other handheld devices like Ipods have most of the same capabilities as a personal computer. Because of the availability, sleekness, and trendiness of these alternatives, they have become increasingly popular making personal computers more and more obsolete. In order for the personal computer to compete with these newer alternative options, it must differentiate itself in order to regain market share. Large businesses, governments and schools which buy computers in large volumes have the power to bargain on price, quality and service. Personal computer buyers are price-sensitive. PC manufacturers can reduce a threat of buyer power by differentiating their product. DELL is the only PC manufacturer that applied direct model concept where buyers can directly buy computers with DELL without a so called middle man. By using this concept, computers cost per unit can be reduced. Furthermore, buyers are able to customize the PC based on their needs. The basis of the direct model concept is to improve efficiency by effectively eliminating the intermediaries thereby allowing the company to speak directly to the customer. Dealing directly with customers allows Dell to customize their orders according to the customers’ needs. But, despite  several ways in which manufacturers have differentiated their products and found ways to increase switching costs, customers still see units as very similar and thus choose primarily on price. Hence the bargaining power of buyers can be concluded to be strong. Rivalry among Existing Firms There is fierce competition between the top manufacturers in the personal computer industry. All of which are fighting to produce a low cost, powerful machine with the most efficient operating system. Firms specialize in different areas in order to compete amongst their rivals. Some focus on innovation and attempt to bring the newest technology to their customers first. Nevertheless, others may focus on their distribution channel and services throughout their firm. However, one of the fiercest areas is the price competition throughout the industry. As the PC has increasingly become a commodity in a household, the fight to keep costs low while bringing the best product to the market has become a never ending battle. One major factor in determining the quality of a personal computer is the microprocessor and application systems installed. As a result, there is a direct correlation between the firm’s profitability and the profitability of the firm’s suppliers. Main manufacturers namely DELL, IBM, HP, Acer and Apple are in competition to produce the least expensive and most efficient machine. Japanese companies such as Fujitsu, Toshiba, Sony and NEC also have large market shares. DELL is focusing on distribution channel and high quality service while others such IBM and Apple focus more on innovation. All these create differentiation to some extent. Low-cost production at DELL contributes its positive growth rate, while other major manufacturers are experiencing negative growth rates. Another important of competitive advantage is globalization. Many PC makers in the US now earn around 40% of their revenues in international markets. Although PC markets in the US, Europe and Japan have matured and the demand has slowed down, on the other hand demand in Asia Pacific is expected to grow. The effects of intense competition are beginning to be felt as companies exit via selling to other companies or simply exiting the industry altogether. For example, Compact Computers was acquired by Hewlett-Packet in 2002 while Xerox exited the computer business and concentrate on printers. Regardless of the number of  companies present, the computer industry will continue to expand and remain competitive for a number of years to come. Hence the threat to industry rivalry can be concluded to be strong. Threat of Substitutes and Complements Although it is very unlikely for a new entrant to join the personal computer industry there are currently other growing industries such as the smartphone and tablet industries which are predicted to affect the sales of personal computers. The smartphone and tablet industry have different major players, but their product offers similar benefits to consumers that a personal computer also has. As smartphones and tablets continue to increase in popularity and in performance the sales of personal computers will likely decline, as some consumers see these products as alternatives for one another. The internet can now be accessed through phones and tablets and they are more portable than a laptop. Currently laptops and personal computers offer many unique applications and are compatible with much more software than smartphones and tablets. If smartphones and tablets can attain greater memory space, processing speeds, and compatibility with similar software, smartphones and tablets may be an all-in-one alternative to personal computers. As technology continues to increase these separate industries may merge into one, or at least drastically affect each other. According to the guardian.com, Dell revenues slump by 11% year-on-year to $13.7 b as tablets and smartphones enter into market. In digitaltrends.com, PC shipments in 2013 show a decline over the previous year while tablet sales forecast to grow by a hefty 67.9 percent with 202 million sales. Moreover, in ctvnews.ca, it stated that PC sales continue to fall nearly 8 % as smartphones and tablets cut the demand. But, according to Michael Dell himself, the impact of smartphones and tablets will be limited to DELL, as it focused on the entire IT ecosystem. They have leading capabilities to manage customer information seamlessly and securely in multiple-device and BYOD environments, including virtualized desktop that you can access from any device. It is forecasted that 87% of connected devices sales by 2017 will be tablets and smartphones. Hence threat from substitutes is strong in the PC industry. Recommendation for DELL The following are the recommendations on how DELL can turn its existing product advantage to a competitive advantage: Dell’s origin is in U.S. It is important for DELL to launch its products in US first before branch out to Europe and Asia. What is happening now is the reverse tactics that will jeopardize the threats of Power of Buyers. Consumers are moving from PC to smartphones and tablets nowadays. Even though Dell launched its smartphone named Dell Streak in 2010, seems like this substitute for PC was failed to gain the market share. Dell streak is no longer available in the market not even after one year of its launch. Even though Dell streak was the first of its kind with 5-inch Android phones, the failure to continue the R&D makes Dell left far behind in smartphone and tablet industry compares to Samsung and Apple. DELL is focusing on distribution channel and high quality service for many years. Other rivalry such as Apple and IBM focus more on innovation. With the fast growing technology movement, it is time for Dell to focus more on innovation and R&D. Otherwise, it will left behind and face hard time to sustain in the PC makers market share.. Conclusion It can be conclude that the PC industry is fairly attractive for well-established, global and leading companies but not for new firms. Although cost of assembling a PC is low, the barrier to entry is fairly high because of the economics of scale and brand-loyalty. Providentially, the high barrier to entry provides strong competitive advantages to existing large companies like DELL. Nevertheless, PC manufacturer like Dell should especially focus on buyers, industry competitors and also substitutes for PC like smartphones and tablets to gain the market growth and sustainability of their profits.

How to Improve public Schools Essay

Since the 17th century, American public schools have provided its children with a wonderful opportunity of receiving a free education that ensures a general understanding of various subjects such as mathematics and literature giving generation after generation the foundation of knowledge. Public schools have made several positive leaps since its begging from teaching only males students to teaching all genders, as well as becoming desegregated in 1969. Public schools provide a peace of mind for parents who desire the best for their children because they provide state certified teachers, free transportation, extra-curricular and after school programs, and are accountable to the state (web). Most notably, public high schools prepare students for life after school and provides a foundation for further education; however, behind all the wonderful aspects of public schools there are certain disadvantages that can hinder the academic progress of a student. Parents as well as students should be aware of these disadvantages that include: underfunded schools may not have certain materials or may have to cut some programs and too much emphasis on standardized test that creates a lot of stress on students and hinders their learning environment. Considering such disadvantages, parents and students may wonder â€Å"how can we solve this dilemma?† Nationalizing public school funding and giving less class and standardized test in order to allow students to focus on learning the curriculum are both steps and proposals that have the potential to settle the troublesome disadvantages of public schools. Different schools in different regions and states receive a wide range of funding which creates a conflict where some schools are underfunded while other are prosperous. The schools that are underfunded may not acquire certain materials that are essential for the course which hurt the process of learning for many students. Some schools are so underfunded that they result to eliminating certain courses or programs. Nearly half of the funding for public schools in the United States are provided though local taxes, generating large differences in funding between wealthy and impoverished communities. There have been efforts make public school funding more equitable yet have only provoked controversy. Some people, such as Eric Hanushek, argue that although different schools receive different amount of funding, the amount of money spent is not â€Å"systematically related to student  achievement,† therefore the wide range of public school funding is not an issue. On the other hand, people such as reviewers Rob Greenwald, Larry Hedges, and Richard Laine believer that â€Å"school resources are systematically related to student achievement,† and therefore school funding is educationally important. Although public schools in the Unites States are funded from federal, state and local sources, the funds from local property taxes generates large funding differences. A logical proposal to solve this problem would to nationalize public school funding therefore every public school depending on its level ( elementary, middle/junior, high, academy, etc.) would receive the same amount of funding which would eliminate the differences of funding for different regions. Some parents may argue that their local property taxes are higher than others and so it should go towards the funding for their child’s public school funding; however, if school funding is nationalized and standardized then each school regardless the location would receive enough funding to secure an adequate education for all children. Also, funds from local property taxes could be used to better individual communities such as building parks or community buildings as well as providing better roads instead of funding public schools. Federal taxes may rise due to nationalizing public school funding however it is for a good cause which is providing all students of America with an equal opportunity to a great education; however this proposal will be difficult to enact because it requires to federal approval and may take time to become a law. Many petitions will have to be made along with thousands of signatures so there would be a lot of support required to enact nationalizing public school funding yet if accomplished it would set a strong foundation for knowledge throughout the nation. With the creation of the No Child Left Behind act endorsed by president Bush, there has been a increasing emphasis on standardized testing for public schools that has ultimately hindered the learning environment by narrowing the curriculum, teaching to the test, and reducing the love of learning which helps drive students out of school specifically high school students. In several classes, the curriculum is taught based on the maximum potential for students to pass standardized test. This has created a sort of teach to pass instead of teach to learn class routine amongst several teachers. Consequently, several students miss out on valuable information due to the  narrowed curriculum by eliminating lessons not needed to pass a certain standardized test. The pressure put of students nowadays ,especially in high schools, can be extremely overwhelming and be a driving factor for several dropouts. Of course students do not decided to dropout of school solely on the large emphasis on standardized testing yet it is difficult to argue that it does not put a lot of stress on students who are already struggling to pass. The alarming emphasis on high-stakes standardized testing has become apparent to students,parents, as well as legislation and so there have been events that occurred with the purpose to lessen the emphasis of testing. For example, the Senate Education Committee passed a bill that â€Å"eliminated the use of scores on standardized †¦test,† that would determine if tens of thousands of schools were to be considered failing or not. Although this is a remarkable step to lessening the power set by standardized test scores it does not solve the problem of the collateral damage in public schools caused by too much testing. Indeed, tests are important to determine if a student is learning and not simply sitting in class daydreaming of irrelevant things; furthermore, students should worry about test and strive to make good grades on them. The problem with testing is not its existence but its intensity and worthiness. In the average class, test scores are worth much more compared to class work and homework. This places a huge stress on students to past test therefore they focus only on test scores instead of learning the material and applying what they have learned to real life situations. Standardized test are important in determining the progress of individual students and schools and therefore should not be eliminated however states should set a minimum of high-stake standardized test. For example there should be a maximum of one end of instruction test for important subjects and extra test that are not directly relevant to the curriculum such as benchmark tests should be eliminated. The specifics of such a policy should be left to be determined by the states due to the difficulty to enforce it as a federal policy. To make a state law that put a minimum on standardized test would require some time, petitions, and convincing for certain people but the final accomplishment would bring less stress to students and promote a better learning environment. State school boards should also divide the percentage of value of homework, classwork, participation grades, as well as class test equally. This would allow  student to focus on the important of turning in homework, participating in class, and test equally as opposed to stressing when a test is coming for it could considerably harm their grade in the class. Lessening the emphasis of test both standardized and class test would allow students to focus on the material being taught as well as allow teachers to improve the curriculum to provide the best possible educational for their students. Students can greatly benefit from the previous feasible proposals if they were to be enforced. By passing a federal law that endorses a nationalized federal funding of public schools as opposed to leaving half of public school funding to local property taxes, all American public schools would receive an equal amount of funding to use for the arts, after school programs, academic technology, or school renovations that all promote a heather and more engaging learning environment for all students. Although the process to get a bill that would enforce a fully federal funding of all public school passed by congress would take time and a lot of effort, it would provide equality for all public schools regardless of reputation or location giving students an equal opportunity. Placing a minimum on the amount of standardized test required by public schools within each state as well as making the value of class tests towards a students overall grade equal to homework and classwork would lessen the stress brought on my too much emphasis on testing which would allow students to focus on their eduction instead of simply passing the test. Such a policy would require several petitions and time to figure out what tests are more essential and which test could be eliminated; however, it would greatly reduce the stress of school making it more pleasing and allow teachers to provide the best possible education to their students. These policies can help improve the American public school system by allowing each student to take advantage of a learning based eduction that provides the knowledge needed to succeed and make a positive impact on our ever changing world.